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Moonsound. Technical documentation
 
 
Translated by: Remco Schrijvers
 
 
 
This document describes the MoonSound and especially the main component, the
Yamaha OPL4 chip. It is a copy of the official documentation from Yamaha with
some additional notes made by me where I thought that the original descriptions
were not very clear. Note that this document does not describe the FM (OPL3)
part of the OPL4. You can find that information in a seperate text file. All
diagrams are drawn with ASCII characters to enable easy viewing and printing
of this document on MSX as well as on PC.
 
 
MoonSound description
 
The MoonSound cartridge has 3 important components:
- The OPL4 (YMF278B).
- The Yamaha YRW801 2MB ROM with samples for the OPL4.
- 128K SRAM to enable you to use your own samples.
 
The I/O of the OPL4 can be done on the following I/O ports:
 
07Eh wave register
07Fh wave data
0C4h FM bank 1 register
0C5h FM data
0C6h FM bank 2 register
 
0C7h is a mirror of the FM data register but use of 0C5h is preferred.
 
The status register is also located at 0C4h at all times.
 
The OPL4 is 100% compatible with the OPL3 which is described in a seperate
document and meets the OPL(tm) standard. OPL(tm) is a trademark of Yamaha
Corporation which represents a full register compatibility with Yamaha YMF3812
(OPL2).
 
Important: To enable access to the Wave registers and the extra bit in the
status register, you have to set bit D0 and D1 in register 5 of FM bank 2.
In basic this would look like this:
OUT &HC6,5
OUT &HC5,&B11
 
There is no documentation available about the contents of the ROM chip. If you
want to use these for (e.g. your own music editor or replayer) you can contact
me and I can give you some of the info I found in the two weeks of long hard and
boring work I spent on it.
 
 
OPL4 Overview
 
FM synthesizer Unit (same as YMF262)
 
  1. Sound Generation Modes
 
    * 2-operator mode
 
      2-operator mode with eighteen sounds are produced at the same time. Or
      2-operator with fiftheen sounds, and five rhythm sounds are produced at
      the same time.
 
    * 4-operator mode
 
      4-operator mode with six sounds and 2-operator mode with six sounds are
      produced at the same time. Or 4-operator mode with six sounds, 2-operator
      mode with three sounds and five rhythm sounds are produced at the same
      time.
 
  2. Eight types of waves.
 
  3. Stereo output.
 
PCM synthesizer Unit
 
  1. Simultaneous generation of 24 sounds.
 
  2. Voice output data sampling frequency of 44.1 Khz.
 
  3. Waveform data length: 8 bits, 12 bits and 16 bits.
 
  4. Stereo output (16-level pan can be specified for each sound)
 
Wave Data for PCM Synthesizer Unit
 
  1. Maximum of 4M-byte external memory can be conected.
 
  2. Maximum of 512 tones.
 
  3. External ROM or SRAM memory. If SRAM is connected, wave data can be
     downloaded from CPU.
 
  4. Chip select signals for memory can be output: 128K bytes, 512K bytes,
     1M bytes and 2M bytes.
 
Miscellaneous
 
  1. YMF278 has six channels for sound output, and can be connected to the
     YAC513.
 
  2. YMF278 can be connected to the YSS225(EP) witch gives various effects
     to sound data.
 
  3. YMF278 can read all registers.
 
  4. Pack contains 80-pin QFP.
 
 
CPU INTERFACE
 
Sound generation control for the YMF278 is performed by writing data into
registers. An 8-bit parallel CPU interface is provided to write data into
and read status form each register. D0-D7 are bi-directional data buses, and
/CS,/RD,/WR,/WR,A0,A1,A2 are data bus control signal input.
The data buses are set as shown below by the data control signal:
 
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     | /CS | /RD | /WR | /A0 | /A1 | /A2 |          MODE           |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------------------------+
|     |  H  |  X  |  X  |  X  |  X  |  X  |    Inactive mode        |
|     |  L  |  L  |  H  |  L  |  L  |  L  |    Status read mode     |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------------------------+
|     |  L  |  H  |  L  |  L  | L/H |  L  |    Address write mode   |
| FM  |  L  |  H  |  L  |  H  |  X  |  L  |    Data write mode      |
|     |  L  |  L  |  H  |  H  |  X  |  L  |    Data read mode       |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------------------------+
|     |  L  |  H  |  L  |  L  |  L  |  H  |    Address write mode   |
| PCM |  L  |  H  |  L  |  H  |  L  |  H  |    Data wrtie mode      |
|     |  L  |  L  |  H  |  H  |  L  |  H  |    Data read mode       |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------------------------+
                                                X: Don't Care
 
 
 
 (a)  Inactive Mode
 
      Data buses D0-D7 are set to high impedance when /CS is H
 
 (b)  Address Write Mode
 
      This mode specifies the write address. Output the address data of the
      register to be written to the data bus. Then, setting data is written
      in data write mode. However, a wait period of 17 cycles of the master
      clock is required during this period. To specify register array 0 with
      FM, set A1 = L. To use register array 1, set A1 = H.
 
 (c)  Data Write Mode
 
      This mode writes data at the address which is set in address write mode
      immediately before. Output setting data to the datat bus. A wait period
      of 56 master-clock cycles is required for FM, and a wait period of 88
      master-clock cycles is required for PCM until the next address write or
      data write.
 
 (d)  Data Read Mode
 
      This mode reads data at the address which is set in address write mode
      immediately before.
 
 (e)  Status Read Mode
 
      This mode outputs the status of the YMF278 to the data bus.
 
 
 PCM SYNTHESIZER AND MIX UNIT REGISTER
 
 
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 00H |                TEST                   |
| 01H |                                       |
+-----+--------------+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |              | Tone header  |    |    |    MT = Memory type
| 02H |   DeviceID   | 2    1    0  | MT | MA |    MA = Memory access
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |         |Memory address register high |
| 03H | --------|MA21 MA20 MA19 MA18 MA17 MA16|
+-----+---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |     Memory address register mid.      |
| 04H |MA15 MA14 MA13 MA12 MA11 MA10 MA9  MA8 |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |     Memory address register low       |
| 05H |MA7  MA6  MA5  MA4  MA3  MA2  MA1  MA0 |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |       Memory data register            |
| 06H | 7    6    5    4    3    2    1    0  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |                                       |
| 07H | ------------------------------------- |
+-----+---------------------------------------+
| 08H-|             Tone number               |
|  1FH| 7    6    5    4    3    2    1    0  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 20H-|             F-NUM              Tone no|
|  37H| F6   F5   F4   F3   F2   F1   F0   8  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 38H |   Octave          pseudo   F-NUM      |
|  4FH| O3   O2   O1   O0 reverb F9   F8   F7 |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 50H-|     Total level                  Level|
|  67H| 6    5    4    3    2    1    0 direct|
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 68H | Key  damp LFO  CH      Pan pot        |
|  7FH| on        RES     3      2    1    0  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 80H-|              LFO         VIB          |
|  97H| --------  S2   S1   S0   V2   V1   V0 |
+-----+---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 98H-|        AR                D1R          |
|  AFH| 3    2    1    0    3    2    1    0  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| B0H-|        DL                D2R          |
|  C7H| 3    2    1    0    3    2    1    0  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| C8H-|  Rate compensaton        RR           |
|  DFH| 3    2    1    0    3    2    1    0  |
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| E0H-|                            AM         |
|  F7H| -----------------------  2    1    0  |
+-----+------------------------+----+----+----+
|     |           Mix control    Mix control  |
|     |             (FM-R)         (FM-L)     |
| F8H | --------  2    1    0    2    1    0  |
+-----+---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     |           Mix control    Mix control  |
|     |             (PCM-R)         (PCM-L)   |
| F9H | --------  2    1    0    2    1    0  |
+-----+---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
 
 
Notes: 
1. Be sure to set unused bits and TEST registers to 0.
        2. Mix control registers (FM-R, FM-L) of F8h are set to 3 (-9dB), other
            registers are set to '0' by initial clear.
 
 
 
REGISTERS
 
In the (OPL4), a sound which is output is called a channel. In the PCM
synthesizer unit, 1-24 channels can be output simultaneosly. 08H-F7H of
registers are grouped into 24-byte units, and each group corresponds to 1-24
channels sequentially.
 
* 00H-01H TEST
 
  This register is used for testing LSI. set
  this registers to "0" for normal use.
 
 
+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
| 00- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 01H |                 TEST                  |
+-----+---------------------------------------+
 
 
* 02H MEMORY ACCESS
 
  0: Normal sound generation mode
 
  1: CPU reads and writes the
     external memory. Sound    +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
     generation cannot be      |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
     performed in this mode.   | 02H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                               |     |                                  | MA |
                               +-----+----------------------------------+----+
 
* 02H MEMORY TYPE
 
  Specify the connection method of the external memory
 
  0: ROM (always on MoonSound)
 
  1: SRAM and ROM
 
                               +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  Refer to the Chip select     |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  Signals of External Memory   | 02H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  for details.                 |     |                             | MT |    |
                               +-----+-----------------------------+----+----+
 
  Important: When you are using the MoonSound, always select the ROM mode. Even
  if you are using SRAM and ROM!!
 
* 02H TONE HEADER
 
  This register sets the range of setting in every 512K byte unit for the
  128-tone header (no.384-no.511 out of 512 tones)
 
 
                               +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  If D2-D4 = 0, set headers    |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  for 512 tones starting with  | 02H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  addres 0 in the external     |     |              | Tone header  |         |
  memory.                      +-----+--------------+--------------+---------+
 
  In the MoonSound the last 128 headers will be located after the 2MB ROM.
  Since this is 4*512, the tone header value must be 4 (100b).
 
* 02H DEVICE ID
 
                               +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  Used for ID register, no     |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  further information          | 02H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  available.                   |     |   DevicdID   |                        |
                               +-----+--------------+------------------------+
 
This is probably used to identify what kind of chip you are using. My guess
  is that it will have the following values:
  0 = not used
  1 = OPL4
  2 = future OPL5?
 
* 03H-5H MEMORY ADDRESS REGISTER
 
  These registers set the ex-  +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  ternal memory addresses when |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  data is written into or read | 03H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  from the external memory.    |     | ------- |   MA21-MA16                 |
                               +-----+---------+-----------------------------+
 
  Set from the highest address +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  in sequence because address  |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  setting for MA21-MA0 comple- | 04H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  tes by the setting of 05H.   |     |              MA15-MA8                 |
                               +-----+---------------------------------------+
 
  Addresses are automatically  +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  incremented by data write or |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  data read from the external  | 05H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  memory.                      |     |               MA7-MA0                 |
                               +-----+---------------------------------------+
 
* 06H MEMORY DATA REGISTER
 
  By writing into this reg,    +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  the data at the external     |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  memory address which is      | 03H +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  currently set can be written.|     | ------- |      MA21-MA16              |
                               +-----+---------+-----------------------------+
  A wait period of 28 master-clock cycles
  is required until the next data write.
 
  By reading this register, the data at the external memory address which is
  currently set can be read.
 
  A wait period of 38 master-clock cycles is required until the next data
  read.
 
* 08H-1FH TONE NUMBER
 
 
  The OPL4 supports a maximum of 512 tones. Select the
  number of the tone to be     +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  produced from 512 tones, and |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  set the selected number in   | 08- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  the tone number register     | 1FH |              Tone number              |
  of the channel from which    +-----+---------------------------------------+
  tone is to be produced.
  The tone header is then internally loaded automaticlly.
 
  The loading time is approxi- +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  mately 300 msec from the     |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  setting of the tone number   | 20- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  in the register. Do not      | 37H |                                  |no8.|
  access the tone number, LFO, +-----+----------------------------------+----+
  V1B,AR,D1R,DL,D2R, rate
  compensation, RR and AM register of the channel during loading.
  However, access can be made to other register even when the tone header is
  being loaded.
 
  The flag which indicates loading is located at bit D1 of the status
  register.
 
  Always set the tone numbers (7-0) after the tone number (8) because tone
  number setting completes by the setting of the tone numbers (7-0).
 
* 20H-4FH F-NUM AND OCTAVE
 
  The F-NUM and octave reg.    +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  control sound generation     |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  pitch.                       | 20- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                               | 37H |             F-Number             |    |
  Set positive integers from   +-----+----------------------------------+----+
  0-1023 in the F-NUM registers,
  and set two's complement     +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  from -7 to 7 in the octave   |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  register.                    | 38- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                               | 4FH |                   |    F-Number       |
  Always set F-NUM (f6-f0)     +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
  after F-NUM (f9-f7) because
  F-NUm setting completes by   +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  setting of F-NUM (f6-f0).    |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
                               | 38- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  If F-NUM is 0 and octave is  | 4FH |       Octave      |                   |
  1, waveform data will be     +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
  regenerated in sequence at
  44.1 Khz. This is used as the reference (F(c) = 0).
 
  The formula to obtain the pitch variation for the reference is as follows:
 
  F (c) = 1200 * (octave-1) + 1200 * log2 [(1024 + F-NUM) /1024 ]
 
                              Where 1 octave = 1200 c
 
* 38H-4FH PSEUDOREVERB
 
  Set the reverb rate (RevR)   +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  to 5 when the envelope beco- |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  mes smaller than 18 dB so    | 38- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  that pseudoreverb effect is  | 4FH |                   | ps |              |
  on.                          +-----+-------------------+----+--------------+
 
  0: Pseudoreverb off                    ps = Pseudoreverb
 
  1: Pseudoreverb on
 
  Refer to the "Envelopes" for details.
 
* 50H-67H TOTAL LEVEL
 
                               +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  Set the total level. The     |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  table shown below shows the  | 50- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  correspondence of each bit   | 67H |              Total level         |    |
  of the total level.          +-----+----------------------------------+----+
 
  +---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
  | Bit No. |  6  |  5  |  4  |  3  |  2  |  1  |  0   |
  +---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
  | ATT.(dB)| -24 | -12 | -6  | -3  | -1.5|-0,75|-0,375|
  +---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
 
* 50H-67H LEVEL DIRECT
 
  Select the method of change  +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  when the total level is      |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  changed.                     | 50- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                               | 67H |                                  | LD |
  0: Changes while the total   +-----+----------------------------------+----+
     level interpolates
 
  1: The total level is immediately used as the current value.
 
  If interpolation is performed, the time required for the sound volume to
  change from the minimum to the maximum is ?? msec, and the time required
  to change from the maximum to the minimum is ?? msec.
 
* 68H-7FH KEY ON
 
  0: Key off                 +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                             |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  1: Key on                  | 68- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                             | 7FH |KEY |                                  |
                             +-----+----+----------------------------------+
 
* 68H-7FH DAMP
 
  Forced damp starts by setting+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  D6 of this register to 1:    |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
                               | 68- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  0: Normal rate is valid      | 7FH |    |Damp|                             |
                               +-----+----+----+-----------------------------+
  1: Damp rate is valid
 
 Damp is performed as shown in the table below at the time elapses:
 
  +-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | Time(msec)| 5.8 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 10.9|
  +-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | ATT.(dB)  | -12 | -48 | -72 | -96 |
  +-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
 
* 68H-7FH LFO RES
 
  The operation of LFO is as +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  follows:                   |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
                             | 68- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  0: Start operation         | 7FH |         |LFOR|                        |
                             +-----+---------+----+------------------------+
  1: Stops operation and resets
 
* 68H-7FH CH
 
  Output channel:            +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                             |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  0: Outputs to MIX          | 68- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
                             | 7FH |              | CH |                   |
  1: Outputs to PCM-EXT      +-----+--------------+----+-------------------+
 
  For the MoonSound all channels need to be set to PCM-EXT.
 
* 68H-7FH PAN POT
 
  Set the pan pot. The pan pot +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  changes as shown in the table|     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  below according to the value | 68- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  to be written:               | 7FH |                   |     Pan Pot       |
                               +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
 
+-----------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Bit No.   | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 15|
+-----------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| ATT.(dB) L| 0 |-3 |-6 |-9 |-12|-15|-18| oo| oo| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+-----------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| ATT.(dB) R| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | oo| oo|-18|-15|-12|-9 |-6 |-3 |
+-----------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 
* 80H-97H LFO
 
  Set the speed for LFO. The   +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  speed changes as shown in the|     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  table below according to the | 80- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  value to be written:         | 97H | ------- |     LFO      |              |
                               +-----+---------+--------------+--------------+
 
  +--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | Value              |  0  |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |
  +--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
  | LFO Frequency (Hz) |0.168|2.019|3.196|4.206|5.215|5.888|6.224|7.066|
  +--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
 
* F8H FM MIXING CONTROL
 
 
  Sets the output level of the +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  FM channels. 0 means maximum |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  output. Initial value is 3   |     +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  (-9 dB).                     | F8H | ------- |     FM-R     |     FM-L     |
                               +-----+---------+--------------+--------------+
 
* F9H WAVE MIXING CONTROL
 
  Sets the output level of the +-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  PCM channels. 0 means        |     | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
  maximum output. Initial      |     +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  value is 0.                  | F9H | ------- |    PCM-R     |    PCM-L     |
                               +-----+---------+--------------+--------------+
 
 
STATUS REGISTER
 
  +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
  |      |  D7  |  D6  |  D5  |  D4  |  D3  |  D2  |  D1  |  D0  |
  |------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
  |Status|  IRQ |  FT1 |  FT2 | ------------------ |  LD  | BUSY |
  +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
 
  See the OPL3 document for more info on IRQ, FT1 and FT2.
 
  BUSY: The BUSY flag is valid while NEW2=1. This flag becomes 1 while writing
        address and data. BUSY flag automatically returns to 0 when writing is
        completed.
 
  LD  : Indicates that a Wave Table header is loaded. Returns to 0 when loading
        is completed. See reg. 8 for more info.
 
Although there is no info in the manual about this I think that the BUSY flag
is not only for writing, but also for reading. It works for FM, Wave and Wave
data transfer! On the Z80A waiting for the BUSY flag is never neccessary, but
on the 7Mhz Z80 or the R800 it is neccessary. Not always, but on unpredictable
moments so it MUST be used if you are making something and you are planning to
use it for R800 or 7Mhz. The disadvantage for Z80 is that it takes some time
to check this every time and the Z80 needs all the speed it can get.
 
 
ENVELOPES
+ Envelope Graphs
 
  The envelopes are shown in the GIF file.
  To produce continuous sound, set D2R = 0 (RATE = 0, real time = inf).
 
+ Pseudoreverb effect
 
  When the pseudoreverb in 38H-4FH is set to "1", pseudoreverb effect can be
  applied. The envelope when pseudoreverb effect is applied is shown in the
  GIF file. When the envelope decreases below -18 dB, D1R, D2R and RR are
  disregarded,and RevR (fixed at 5) is set. Pseudoreverb can also be applied
  to continuous at below -18 dB in the same manner.
 
 
WAVE DATA IN EXTERNAL MEMORY
 
 
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
Address  | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -------------------------
   0     | Data bit|        Start address        | D1-D0 = 0 for  8 bit data
         | D1   D0 | S21  S20  S19| S18  S17  S16| D1-D0 = 1 for 12 bit data
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ D1-D0 = 2 for 16 bit data
   1     |             Start address             |
         | S15  S14  S13  S12  S11  S10  S9   S8 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   2     |             Start address             | Header for tone No.0
         | S7   S6   S5   S4   S3   S2   S1   S0 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   3     |             Loop address              |
         | L15  L14  L13  L12  L11  L10  L9   L8 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   4     |             Loop address              |
         | L7   L6   L5   L4   L3   L2   L1   L0 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   5     |             End address               | End address must be
         | E15  E14  E13  E12  E11  E10  E9   E8 | inverted!
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   6     |             End address               |
         | E7   E6   E5   E4   E3   E2   E1   E0 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   7     |         |   LFO speed  |     VIB      |
         | ------- | S2   S1   S0 |  V2  V1   V0 |
         +---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   8     |  Attack rate (AR) | 1st decay (D1R)   |
         |  3    2    1    0 |  3    2    1   0  |
         +---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   9     |  Decay level (DL) | 2st decay (D2R)   |
         |  3    2    1    0 |  3    2    1   0  |
         +---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  10     | Rate compensation | Release rate (RR) |
         |  3    2    1    0 |  3    2    1   0  |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
  11     |                        |      AM      |
         | ---------------------- | A2   A1   A0 |
         +------------------------+----+----+----+ -------------------------
         |                                       | Header for tone No.1
         |                                       |
         |                                       | -------------------------
         |The following is the waveform data for | Header for tone No.2-283
         |tone numbers 0-383                     |
         +---------------------------------------+ -------------------------
         |                                       |
         | D15  D14  D13  D12  D11  D10  D9   D8 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ For 16 bit data
         |                                       |
         | D7   D6   D5   D4   D3   D2   D1   D0 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -------------------------
         |             1st data                  |
         | D11  D10  D9   D8   D7   D6   D5   D4 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
         |     1st data      |    2nd data       |
         | D3   D2   D1   D0 | D3   D2   D1   D0 | For 12 bit data
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
         |              2nd data                 |
         | D7   D6   D5   D4   D3   D2   D1   D0 |
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -------------------------
         |                                       |
         | D7   D6   D5   D4   D3   D2   D1   D0 | For 8 bit data
         +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -------------------------
 
Note that the end and loop addresses are NOT in bytes but indicate the number
of samples! This means that the maximum size for a 8-bit sample is 64K, for
a 12-bit sample 96K and for a 16-bit sample 128K.